There are 12 tenses in English language, including:

1. Simple Present: I drink coffee every morning.
2. Present Continuous: I am currently studying for my exams.
3. Present Perfect: I have finished my work for the day.
4. Present Perfect Continuous: I have been waiting for you for over an hour.
5. Simple Past: I went to the cinema last night.
6. Past Continuous: I was watching TV when you called.
7. Past Perfect: I had already eaten dinner by the time you arrived.
8. Past Perfect Continuous: I had been running for 30 minutes when I twisted my ankle.
9. Simple Future: I will go to the gym tomorrow.
10. Future Continuous: I will be working on my project all day tomorrow.
11. Future Perfect: I will have completed the task by the end of the week.
12. Future Perfect Continuous: I will have been living in this city for 5 years next month.

Each tense has a unique structure and is used to describe different time frames, such as past, present, and future, as well as different aspects, such as completion or continuation of an action.

Simple Present

To use Simple Present tense, you generally add an “-s” to the base form of the verb for third person singular subjects, such as “he,” “she,” or “it.” For example, “I eat breakfast” is in the Simple Present tense. If the subject is a third person singular pronoun such as “he,” “she,” or “it,” you would add an “-s” to the verb: “She eats breakfast.” For all other subjects, you use the base form of the verb without an “-s.”

Simple Present tense is used to describe habitual or routine actions that occur in the present, or to express general truths or facts that are always true. It can also be used for future events scheduled to occur at specific times.

Present Perfect

The Present Perfect tense is used to describe an action or situation that happened at an indefinite time in the past or that started in the past and continues to the present moment. It is formed with the auxiliary verb “have” or “has” and the past participle of the main verb.

Here are two examples of how to use the Present Perfect tense:

1. Example: “I have studied English for 5 years.” Explanation: The use of Present Perfect tense in this sentence implies that the action of studying English started at some indefinite point in the past and has continued until the present moment. The sentence indicates that the person is still studying English at present.
2. Example: “She has never been to New York City.” Explanation: In this sentence, the use of Present Perfect tense indicates that the action of going to New York City has not happened at any unspecified time in the past leading up to the present moment. The sentence implies that the person still has not been to New York City up to this point in time.